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By requiring researchers to turn their intuitions into precise mathematical definitions, MCS provides a common language for comparing models of consciousness making them more accessible to scientific scrutiny. Mathematically formulated models of consciousness can be explored using mathematical methods, applied and tested using synthetic or clinical data and, for computationally formulated models, instantiated using neuromorphic computing. However, model validation is a challenge and an active area of research in MCS. More generally, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Nagel Nagel] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Chalmers Chalmers] have produced well known texts<ref name=Nagel1974>Nagel, T. (1974), What Is It Like to Be a Bat?. The Philosophical Review. 83 (4): 435–450.</ref><ref name=Chalmers1995>Chalmers, D. J. (1995), Facing up to the problem of consciousness. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 2 (3): 200–219.</ref> on the conceptual limitations of the scientific study of consciousness.