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Mathematical Consciousness Science (view source)
Revision as of 20:25, 13 December 2021
, 20:25, 13 December 2021no edit summary
Examples include:
* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_information_theory Integrated Information Theory]''' (IIT) <ref name=":2"Tononi2014>{{Cite journal|title = Oizumi, M.; Albantakis, L.; Tononi, G. (2014), From the Phenomenology to the Mechanisms of Consciousness: Integrated Information Theory 3.0|journal = . PLOS Comput Biol|date = 2014-05-08|pmc = 4014402|pmid = 24811198|pages = e1003588|volume = . 10|issue = (5|doi = 10): e1003588.1371/journal.pcbi.1003588|first1 = Masafumi|last1 = Oizumi|first2 = Larissa|last2 = Albantakis|first3 = Giulio|last3 = Tononi|bibcode = 2014PLSCB..10E3588O}}</ref> models the physical system with Markov processes obtained from a circuit model. The consciousness domain model involves several outputs of the IIT algorithm but most notably includes a non-negative scalar function <math display="inline">\Phi</math>, related to the intrinsic irreducibility of a network, that, according to the theory, measures level of consciousness. The algorithm, mapping between the physical domain model and the consciousness domain model, has causation at its heart. Therefore, a key modelling assumption in IIT is that a system’s consciousness is directly related to its causal properties.* '''[https://wiki.amcs.science/index.php?title=Expected_Float_Entropy_Minimisation Expected Float Entropy Minimisation]''' (EFE) and its extension to model unity <ref name=Mason2021>Mason, J. W. (2021), Model Unity and the Unity of Consciousness: Developments in Expected Float Entropy Minimisation. Entropy, 23, 11. doi:10.3390/e23111444</ref>, models the physical system with a joint probability distribution that represents the systems bias to being in certain states over other states. The consciousness domain model involves a hierarchy of relational models in the form of matrices of real valued parameters in the range <math display="inline">[0,1]</math>. According to the theory, the relational models provide an interpretation of system status that gives the relational content of the associated experience. The theory’s extension to model unity then deals with integration. The mapping between the physical domain model and the consciousness domain model involves the minimisation of expected float entropy so that the resulting relational model gives the minimum expected entropy interpretation of system states. Therefore, two key modelling assumptions in EFE minimisation are that consciousness is a minimum entropy interpretation of system states and that the structural content of consciousness comes from the correlations and relationships encoded in the bias of a system.
===Computational models===
At some level of abstraction, computational models in MCS are typically models of the brain together with hypotheses that relate them in some way to consciousness. The hypothetical relation to consciousness may depend on properties of the model that are a-priori present by design or are discovered, or confirmed to exist, experimentally. Physical systems used to instantiate computational models vary widely. Computational models can also generate synthetic data for use in other models of consciousness such as archetypal models.
Examples include:
*'''Cortex-like complex systems of networks-of-networks'''<ref name=Grindrod2021>Grindrod, P.; Lester, C. (2021), Cortex-Like Complex Systems: What Occurs Within? Frontiers in Applied Mathematics and Statistics, 7. doi:10.3389/fams.2021.627236</ref> have been used to model the cortex and involve spiking nodes, that model neurons, and real time lags that model signal transmission delays. The system is a network of sparsely connected modules where each module is a network of densely connected nodes. Instantiation of the model on the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SpiNNaker SpiNNaker] supercomputer revealed a wide set of latent, internal, common dynamical modes of operational behaviour. The hypothesis relating the model to consciousness is that the observed modes are candidates for sensations, feelings and moods in conscious systems. SpiNNaker is being used as one component of the neuromorphic computing platform for the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Brain_Project Human Brain Project].
*'''Conscious Turing Machine'''(CTM)<ref name=Blum2020>Blum, M.; Blum, L. (2020), A Theoretical Computer Science Perspective on Consciousness. https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.09850</ref> is a computational model that formalizes the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_workspace_theory Global Workspace Theory] (GWT). GWT postulates the existence of a type of short term working memory in the brain to which various subsystems may gain access and influence the contents of. The hypothesis relating the model to consciousness is that it is the content of this working memory that we are conscious of. The CTM formalization helps to remove ambiguity and allows GWT to be instantiated in order to obtain experimental results.
===Other models===
